Summer regional climate simulations over Tibetan Plateau: from gray zone to convection permitting scale
نویسندگان
چکیده
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is often referred to as ‘the Third Pole’ and plays an essential role in the global climate. However, it remains challenging for most regional models realistically simulate characteristics of climate over TP. In this study, two Weather Research Forecasting model (WRF) experiments using spectral nudging with gray-zone (GZ9) convection-permitting (CP3) resolution are conducted summers from 2009 2018. surface air temperature (T2m) precipitation simulations reanalysis ERA5 evaluated against in-situ observations. results show that has a general cold bias southern TP, especially maximum T2m (Tmax), wet whole Both can successfully capture spatial pattern daily variation precipitation, though dry exist regions south 35° N. Compared ERA5, added value WRF mainly reflected reduced Tmax more improvement found CP3 bias. ability experiment improving simulation seems limited when compared experiment, which may be related biases physical parameterization lack representativeness station observation. Further investigation into radiation budget reveals underestimation net shortwave contributes lot southeastern TP GZ9 improved CP3. GZ9, shows larger specific humidity at low-level (mid-high level) coexists (clouds) This achieved by better depiction topographic details, underlying atmospheric processes, land–atmosphere interactions so on, leading stronger northward water vapor transport (WVT) CP3, providing much wetter condition mid-high level.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Climate Dynamics
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0930-7575', '1432-0894']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06314-0